One common aesthetic water treatment issue is the presence of iron. Iron can be present in three forms:

Ferrous (dissolved) iron is most common. It is iron that has yet to be oxidized. This type of iron is invisible, but when in contact with oxygen, it can cause stained sinks, laundry, and toilets – especially when bleach is added. To reduce levels of ferrous iron, softening and/or filtration is recommended.

Ferric (suspended) iron is iron that has already been oxidized. This usually results in the water from the tap having a yellow tint. When oxidized, ferric iron forms particles that can sometimes settle in a glass of water.

Iron bacteria is a general term given to an iron-feeding bacteria that leaves build up and residue. It can clog filters, water softeners, and pipes. This bacteria is not harmful but is considered a nuisance because it is extremely difficult to remove.

Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a naturally occurring contaminant, which gives water a disagreeable “rotten egg” odor or taste. This usually indicates the presence of non-harmful minerals that reduce bacteria in a well. There are no known health effects to the presence of hydrogen sulfide in water, however it can make water slightly corrosive to the surfaces that it touches.

Water that leaves blue green stains indicates that water is corrosive and likely acidic. Acidic water can leach metals from pumps, piping, and fixtures. If left untreated, acidic water can cause leaks in copper pipes and fixtures. On a scale of 0-14, water that has a pH level of <7 is acidic.

Brown or black stains found in a dishwasher are usually due to high levels of manganese in a water supply. When dissolved in water, manganese can stain when the level is above .05mg/L. Dishwaters heat and agitate manganese with water and air, causing oxidization. Manganese can also stain clothes in a washing machine, and the use of bleach will worsen stains.